Post the October 2014 local government
elections, four politically clear years stretch ahead for the State
government and Tasmania’s councils to finally sort out some long-awaited and
much-needed reforms.
No, not amalgamations. Need I refer you again to the work of Dollery
et al and numerous others that point out how pointless amalgamating is? That joining up a series of financially
challenged entities just means a bigger financial black hole and, worse, even
less representation of community with consolidation of political control into
the hands of a more powerful few? Sorry
Property Council people, you just haven’t made any testable economic arguments,
which is surprising, given who you say you represent.
Reforms.
Yes, actually sitting down to sort out what it means to be a local
government in the twenty first century in the Australian Federation.
Reforms which sort out not only who gets
what, but as well, who does what.
Not phaphffing around the edges with
territorial adjustments and lengthening the unemployment queue by sacking a few General Managers – for Tasmania,
given its spread of population and geographical restraints – territorial adjustments
(for which we read amalgamations) are a zero sum game. We did this in 1906, and in 1993 – raise your
hands anyone who saw the much promised drop in rates and financial subsidies? Hmm, I didn’t think so.
(And seriously Parliamentarians, do you really want two super-Councils of Greater Hobart and Greater Launceston? Just think carefully of the political power that may deliver into that hands of party-based politicians using local government for their own ambitions.)
So what is cost-shifting? As the PWC report defines it:
Cost shifting has occurred in Australian governance with two basic
types of behaviour. The first is where local government agrees to provide a
service on behalf of another sphere of government but funding is subsequently
reduced or stopped, and local government is unable to withdraw because of community
demand for the service. The second is where, for whatever reason, another
sphere of government ceases to provide a service and local government steps in.
And it has been going on since 1901! What makes it so easy is the pressure of
local communities on local elected people to continue with services once the
money has stopped or because there is no other way for the service to
occur. For which we read, the free
market just doesn’t provide. And for
which we read, lots of promises from local government hopefuls come election
time.
Yet in the absence of a decent public
transport system that reaches into Tasmania’s rural areas, how else can a rural
council ensure the travel safety of its young teenagers in the absence of a bus
service to get them home late in the evening from work or events?
When the State is asked to fund a local
tourism travel centre to attract people to a region, and the State Premier says,
we get them here, it’s up to you to look after them, what else can a local
council do but divert rates for funding the same?
And what else can local government do
when the State is simply so debt-racked from its own mismanagement, or has
prioritised funding for its own purposes, but step in, in the hope of funding
down the track?
So what is needed is a complete
rethinking of what local government means for Tasmania and indeed, just what
responsibilities the State government needs to be taking back and delivering.
The Local
Government Act 1993 is so broad in stating what Councils can do, that local
government now does all sorts of things.
Seriously, can’t so much of what local does be done more efficiently and
socially and environmentally effectively at the State level?
Here’s some tests for deciding on the
relevance of what local government does:
Does the issue or service affect
everyone in Tasmania? (employment, health,
energy, education, clean drinking water, safe disposal of sewerage, maintenance
of and building roads, environmental management, economic development, agriculture,
tourism, as some starting points)
Is the issue or service only relevant to
the people and communities within a particular region? (regional employment, water catchment,
forestry, agricultural land use, just off the top of my head)
Does the issue or service only really
relate at a township level? (local history, local foreshore and parks, local
festivals, streetscape planning, that stuff that you do to build community)
If you answer State to any of the first
two, then we really need to question why local government has taken over any
responsibilities in statewide or regional issues.
Remember the Australian
Constitution? When it was debated and
finally signed off on, local government was expected to gradually disappear,
that the new States would subsume into itself all the activities local
government then carried out.
Well, it hasn’t happened.
Local government still exists, and State
by State, let alone Council by Council, is taking on more and more activities
in the absence of effective State policy, or indeed, in spite of it.
And it’s not as if there is effective
communication between the two tiers, despite all the attempts to get this. So when State bureaucrats have thought
bubbles about policy matters affecting local government and don’t bother to
actually consult because they operate in silos, we get all sorts of unintended
outcomes. Let alone at times a reversal
of the original policy intention.
A small matter, but indicative of the wider
problem. Have a look at the debacle of
solar panel installation regulations foisted on local councils to enforce after people are encouraged to install solar. And yes, nice to have the income from
compliance where people install more panels than the State government thinks
they should, but isn’t that really a stupid approach that penalises people who
want to be more energy self-reliant, who want to reduce the cost of energy to
their family budgets? And doesn't it ruin the relationships between local councils and their communities in having to enforce a State Government initiated policy?
So here’s a radical thought: In a State the
size of Tasmania, does it make sense that twenty nine councils each deals with
waste management, roads, financial planning, and overall planning and funding for
assets that we all have, use and share (roads, bridges, stormwater, etc)? Is it not time for a re-think of what local
government can really mean, and do and achieve, and stop taking on the costs of
State and Federal responsibilities? What
if local government was actually “local”?
What sorts of cost efficiencies and better planning in managing assets
would Tasmanians actually then get? What
sort of structural changes are then needed to implement some meaningful reform
that retains Tasmania’s famous attraction of local representative community?
After all, it’s not as if we are all
born, live and die in the same hamlet these days, is it? Hands up those of us who regularly travel through
at least three municipalities for work each day? Hands up those of you who live in one
municipality, and work in another, or have a shack in another or holiday in
another? Hands up whose children grow up
in one municipality and get a tertiary or diploma education in another? Hmm, near on 99.999 per cent of you. You have to ask, are territorial municipal
boundaries even relevant anymore?
Local councils used to raise the funds
and provide the management for health, education, cemeteries, surrounding roads
and libraries and so on, until the State finally took on its responsibilities
in these areas to sort out the duplication, waste and general confusion. And some comments aside on policy success,
generally having a statewide approach has been successful and got a better
outcome for all us.
So, today, what does a municipality do
well? Outside of Greater Hobart and
Greater Launceston, a municipality is usually made up of a collection of towns,
separated by rural areas. Lots of towns mean
lots of identity. And as we’re tribal
creatures, identity is good. It means we
try to make the places we live in better.
We have pride in where we belong and the communities that we are a part
of where we make our family homes.
So local government today is very good
at delivering local programs (bushcare, park management, local festivals,
sporting grounds) and facilitating people’s connections into the wider world
(family health and well-being, internet hubs, local transport services). Just a pinch of examples here – have a look
at a few Council websites, and you’ll be amazed at the services and programs
provided. The question of course is,
having the money to provide the quality of service communities need and ask
for.
So isn’t it time local government was
exactly that? Isn’t it time to give up
the territorial markings and think about local government as a service entity
and what reasonable outreach it can provide in its communities?
Dare I raise the idea that we talk about
local government reform in terms of people catchment and a more fluid approach
to what people need to keep their local communities, rather than sticking with outdated municipal boundaries as
borders?
Authorised by Eva Ruzicka, 10 Congress Street, South Hobart